Response from lieberman and colleagues

Phonology and reading: a response to Wang, Trezek, Luckner, and Paul.

Four critical responses to an article, "The Role of Phonology and Phonologically Related Skills in Reading Instruction for Students Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing" (Wang, Trezek, Luckner, & Paul, 2008), are presented. Issue is taken with the conclusions of the article by Wang and colleagues regarding the "necessary" condition of phonological awareness for the development of reading skills amon...

How Political Science Can Contribute to Public Health: A Response to Gagnon and Colleagues

Antiviral walls

Repairing for death he targets of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) determine their own mode of death, say Dennis Keefe, Judy Lieberman, and colleagues (Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA). The dying cells patch themselves up so that rapid and messy necrosis is avoided in favor of a more lengthy and controlled apoptosis. The CTLs deliver their insult in the form of perforin, a pore-forming protein...

Language Did Not Spring Forth 100,000 Years Ago

In response to an Essay by Johan Bolhuis and co-authors, Phillip Lieberman contends that rather than arising from a key recent innovation ("merge"), language arose by gradual evolution of ancient capabilities.

Diversity in Clinical and Biomedical Research: A Promise Yet to Be Fulfilled

Esteban Gonzalez Burchard and colleagues explore how making medical research more diverse would aid not only social justice but scientific quality and clinical effectiveness, too.